Chovevei Tzion

'Hovevei Tziyon - (Hebrew) - Associations of proto-Zionist study circles formed in Rumania, Russia, England, USA, France and elsewhere beginning about 1880 and continuing until about 1902 or 1903, when they merged into the Zionist movement.

Hovevei Tziyon was formed by coalescing members of individual groups of Hibat Tzion members. In 1882,  Hibat Zion/Hovevei Tziyon members founded Rishon LeZion. They later were reinforced by BILU pioneers. It was formerly claimed by some that the Bilu had founded Rishon Letzion, but that is certainly not correct. The Bilu movement grew out of Hibat Tziyon, and for time they worked in Rishon Letzion, but they did not found it.

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